They may also be used for neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. Stem cell transplants are most often used to help people with leukemia and lymphoma. This effect improves the success of the treatments. Graft-versus-tumor occurs when white blood cells from your donor (the graft) attack any cancer cells that remain in your body (the tumor) after high-dose treatments. This happens because of an effect called graft-versus-tumor that can occur after allogeneic transplants. However, in multiple myeloma and some types of leukemia, the stem cell transplant may work against cancer directly. Instead, they help you recover your body's ability to produce stem cells after treatment with very high doses of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both. ![]() Stem cell transplants do not usually work against cancer directly. ![]() How stem cell transplants work against cancer To learn more about how blood-forming stem cells are matched, see Blood-Forming Stem Cell Transplants. To reduce possible side effects and improve the chances that an allogeneic transplant will work, the donor’s blood-forming stem cells must match yours in certain ways. syngeneic, which means the stem cells come from your identical twin, if you have one.The donor may be a blood relative but can also be someone who is not related. allogeneic, which means the stem cells come from someone else.autologous, which means the stem cells come from you, the patient.The blood-forming stem cells that are used in transplants can come from the bone marrow, bloodstream, or umbilical cord. Once they enter your bloodstream, the stem cells travel to the bone marrow, where they take the place of the cells that were destroyed by treatment. In a stem cell transplant, you receive healthy blood-forming stem cells through a needle in your vein.
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